Tasirin aikin tsarin sauti an haɗa shi ta hanyar kayan aikin tushen sauti da matakan ƙarfafa sauti na gaba, wanda ya ƙunshi tushen sauti, kunnawa, kayan aiki na gefe, ƙarfafa sauti da kayan haɗi.

1. Tsarin tushen sauti

Makirifo shine hanyar haɗin farko na gabaɗayan tsarin ƙarfafa sauti ko tsarin rikodi, kuma ingancinsa yana shafar ingancin tsarin gabaɗayan.Microphones sun kasu kashi biyu: waya da mara waya bisa sigar watsa sigina.

Makarufan mara waya sun dace musamman don ɗaukar kafofin sauti na wayar hannu.Domin sauƙaƙe ɗaukar sauti na lokuta daban-daban, kowane tsarin makirufo mara waya ana iya sanye shi da makirufo mai hannu da makirufo Lavalier.Tun da ɗakin studio yana da tsarin ƙarfafa sauti a lokaci guda, don guje wa amsawar sauti, makirufo mara igiyar waya ya kamata ta yi amfani da makirufo na kusa da cardioid unidirectional don ɗaukar magana da waƙa.A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin makirufo mara waya ya kamata ya ɗauki fasahar karɓar nau'ikan nau'ikan, wanda ba kawai zai iya inganta kwanciyar hankali da siginar da aka karɓa ba, amma kuma yana taimakawa kawar da mataccen kusurwa da yankin makafi na siginar da aka karɓa.

Makirifo mai waya yana da ayyuka da yawa, lokaci-lokaci, daidaitawar makirufo mai daraja.Don ɗaukar yare ko abun ciki na waƙa, ana amfani da marufonin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na cardioid gabaɗaya, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki da za'a iya amfani da su a wuraren da ke da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sauti;Ana iya amfani da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto-nau'in na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto don ɗaukar tasirin muhalli;Gabaɗaya ana amfani da kayan kaɗe-kaɗe da makirifo mai motsi mara ƙarfi;manyan makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto don kirtani, madanni da sauran kayan kida;Ana iya amfani da makirufo masu magana kusa da kai tsaye lokacin da buƙatun hayaniyar muhalli ya yi yawa;Ya kamata a yi amfani da microphones na gooseneck-maki guda ɗaya bisa la'akari da sassaucin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

Ana iya zaɓar lamba da nau'in makirufo bisa ga ainihin buƙatun rukunin yanar gizon.

2. Tsarin kunnawa

Babban ɓangaren tsarin daidaitawa shine mahaɗa, wanda zai iya haɓakawa, ƙaddamarwa, da kuma daidaita yanayin shigar da siginar sauti na matakan daban-daban da impedance;yi amfani da madaidaicin haɗe-haɗe don aiwatar da kowane rukunin mitar siginar;Bayan daidaita ma'aunin haɗakarwa na kowane siginar tashar, kowane tashar an keɓe kuma an aika zuwa kowane ƙarshen karɓar;sarrafa siginar ƙarfafa sauti mai rai da siginar rikodi.

Akwai 'yan abubuwa da ya kamata ku kula yayin amfani da mahaɗin.Na farko, zaɓi abubuwan shigarwa tare da mafi girman ƙarfin shigar da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da faɗaɗa amsawar mitoci gwargwadon yiwuwa.Kuna iya zaɓar shigar da makirufo ko shigar da layi.Kowace shigarwa tana da maɓallin sarrafa matakin ci gaba da jujjuyawar wuta ta fatalwa 48V..Ta wannan hanyar, ɓangaren shigarwa na kowane tashoshi na iya haɓaka matakin siginar shigarwa kafin sarrafawa.Na biyu, saboda matsalolin da ake samu na ra'ayoyin ra'ayi da kuma saka idanu na mayar da martani a cikin ƙarfafa sauti, Ƙarin daidaitawa na abubuwan shigar da bayanai, abubuwan taimako da ƙungiyoyi, mafi kyau, kuma sarrafawa ya dace.Na uku, don aminci da amincin shirin, mai haɗawa za a iya sanye shi da manyan kayan wuta guda biyu da kayan aiki na jiran aiki, kuma zai iya canzawa ta atomatik. Daidaita da sarrafa lokaci na siginar sauti), shigarwar shigarwa da fitarwa sun fi dacewa XLR soket.

3. Kayan aiki na gefe

Ƙarfafa sauti na kan wurin dole ne ya tabbatar da isasshe babban matakin matsa lamba ba tare da samar da ra'ayoyin sauti ba, ta yadda masu magana da masu ƙara ƙarfin wuta su sami kariya.A lokaci guda, don kiyaye tsayuwar sautin, amma kuma don daidaita ƙarancin ƙarfin sautin, dole ne a shigar da kayan aikin sarrafa sauti tsakanin mahaɗa da amplifier, kamar masu daidaitawa, masu hana amsawa. , compressors, exciters, mita masu rarraba, Mai rarraba sauti.

Ana amfani da madaidaitan mitoci da mai hana amsa don murkushe martanin sauti, gyara lahanin sauti, da tabbatar da tsaftar sauti.Ana amfani da kwampressor don tabbatar da cewa amplifier ɗin ba zai haifar da kima ko ɓata lokaci ba yayin fuskantar babban kololuwar siginar shigarwa, kuma yana iya kare amplifier da lasifika.Ana amfani da exciter don ƙawata tasirin sauti, wato, don inganta launin sauti, shigar, da sitiriyo Sense, tsabta da tasirin bass.Ana amfani da mai rarraba mitar don aika sigina na nau'ikan nau'ikan mita daban-daban zuwa na'urori masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki daidai da su, kuma masu haɓaka wutar lantarki suna haɓaka siginar sauti da fitar da su zuwa masu magana.Idan kana so ka samar da babban tsarin tasiri na fasaha, ya fi dacewa don amfani da 3-segment crossover lantarki a cikin ƙirar tsarin ƙarfafa sauti.

Akwai matsaloli da yawa a cikin shigar da tsarin sauti.Yin la'akari mara kyau na matsayi na haɗin gwiwa da jerin kayan aiki na kayan aiki yana haifar da rashin isasshen kayan aiki, har ma da kayan aiki sun ƙone.Haɗin kayan aiki gabaɗaya yana buƙatar tsari: ana samun mai daidaitawa bayan mahaɗin;kuma kada a sanya mai hana amsa a gaban mai daidaitawa.Idan an sanya mai hana amsawa a gaban mai daidaitawa, yana da wahala a kawar da cikakkiyar amsawar sauti, wanda ba shi da amfani ga daidaitawar mai kawar da martani;ya kamata a sanya kwampreso bayan mai daidaitawa da mai ba da amsawa, saboda babban aikin kwampreso shine ya kawar da sigina mai yawa da kuma kare amplifier da masu magana;an haɗa mai haɓakawa a gaban amplifier mai ƙarfi;Ana haɗe crossover na lantarki kafin ƙarar wutar lantarki kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Don yin rikodin shirin ya sami sakamako mafi kyau, dole ne a daidaita sigogin compressor daidai.Da zarar compressor ya shiga cikin yanayin da aka matsa, zai yi mummunar tasiri a kan sauti, don haka kokarin kauce wa compressor a cikin yanayin da aka matsa na dogon lokaci.Babban ka'idar haɗa kwampreso a cikin babban tashar fadada shi ne cewa kayan aiki na gefe a bayansa kada su sami aikin haɓaka siginar gwargwadon yiwuwa, in ba haka ba kwampreso ba zai iya taka rawar kariya ba kwata-kwata.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yakamata a kasance mai daidaitawa a gaban mai hana ra'ayi, kuma compressor yana samuwa bayan mai kawar da martani.

Mai jan hankali yana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki na psychoacoustic na ɗan adam don ƙirƙirar abubuwan haɗin kai masu tsayi bisa ga ainihin mitar sauti.A lokaci guda, ƙananan haɓaka aikin haɓakawa na iya haifar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kuma ƙara inganta sautin.Don haka, siginar sautin da mai kunnawa ya kera yana da maɗaurin mitar mai faɗi sosai.Idan mitar band ɗin na kwampreso ya yi faɗi sosai, yana yiwuwa a haɗa abin motsa jiki a gaban kwampreso.

Ana haɗa mai rarraba mitar lantarki a gaban ƙarar wutar lantarki kamar yadda ake buƙata don rama lahani da yanayin ke haifar da mitar amsawar tushen sauti na shirye-shirye daban-daban;Babban hasara shi ne cewa haɗin gwiwa da gyara kuskure suna da matsala kuma suna da sauƙi don haifar da haɗari.A halin yanzu, na'urori masu sarrafa sauti na dijital sun bayyana, waɗanda ke haɗa ayyukan da ke sama, kuma suna iya zama masu hankali, masu sauƙi don aiki, kuma mafi girman aiki.

4. Tsarin ƙarfafa sauti

Tsarin ƙarfafa sauti ya kamata ya kula da cewa dole ne ya dace da ƙarfin sauti da daidaitattun filin sauti;Madaidaicin dakatarwar masu magana mai rai zai iya inganta tsabtar ƙarfafawar sauti, rage asarar ƙarfin sauti da amsawar sauti;ya kamata a adana jimlar wutar lantarki na tsarin ƙarfafa sauti don 30% -50 % Na ikon ajiyar;yi amfani da belun kunne na saka idanu mara waya.

5. Haɗin tsarin

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da matching da ma'auni a cikin batun haɗin gwiwar na'ura.Ma'auni da rashin daidaituwa sun danganta da ma'anar tunani.Ƙimar juriya (ƙimar Impedance) na ƙarshen siginar zuwa ƙasa daidai yake, kuma polarity ya saba, wanda shine daidaitaccen shigarwa ko fitarwa.Tunda siginonin tsangwama da madaidaitan tashoshi biyu suka karɓa suna da ƙima iri ɗaya da polarity iri ɗaya, siginar tsangwama na iya soke juna akan nauyin daidaitaccen watsawa.Sabili da haka, madaidaicin da'ira yana da mafi kyawun yanayin yanayin gama-gari da ikon hana tsangwama.Yawancin kayan aikin sauti na ƙwararru suna ɗaukar daidaitaccen haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

Haɗin lasifikar ya kamata ya yi amfani da saiti masu yawa na gajerun igiyoyin lasifika don rage juriyar layi.Saboda juriya na layi da juriya na fitarwa na amplifier na wutar lantarki zai shafi ƙananan ƙimar Q na tsarin mai magana, halayen wucin gadi na ƙananan mita zai zama mafi muni, kuma layin watsawa zai haifar da lalacewa yayin watsa siginar sauti.Saboda ƙarfin da aka rarraba da kuma rarraba inductance na layin watsawa, dukansu suna da wasu halaye na mita.Tunda siginar tana kunshe da abubuwa da yawa na mitar, lokacin da rukunin siginar sauti da ke kunshe da abubuwan mitar da yawa suka wuce ta layin watsawa, jinkiri da raguwar abubuwan da ke haifar da mitoci daban-daban sun bambanta, wanda ke haifar da abin da ake kira murdiya amplitude da karkatar da lokaci.Gabaɗaya magana, murdiya koyaushe tana wanzuwa.Bisa ga ka'idar ka'idar layin watsawa, yanayin rashin hasara na R=G=0 ba zai haifar da murdiya ba, kuma cikakken rashin hasara ma ba zai yiwu ba.Idan aka yi hasara mai iyaka, yanayin watsa sigina ba tare da murdiya ba shine L/R=C/G, kuma ainihin layin watsa kayan aiki koyaushe shine L/R.

6. Gyara tsarin

Kafin daidaitawa, da farko saita lanƙwan matakin tsarin ta yadda matakin siginar kowane matakin ya kasance a cikin kewayon na'urar, kuma ba za a sami tsinkewar sigina ba saboda girman sigina, ko ƙarancin sigina don haifar da sigina. -kwatancen surutu Talakawa, lokacin saita matakin matakin tsarin, matakin matakin na mahaɗin yana da mahimmanci.Bayan saita matakin, ana iya gyara halayen mitar tsarin.

ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan aikin lantarki na zamani tare da ingantacciyar inganci gabaɗaya suna da halayen mitar mitoci sosai a cikin kewayon 20Hz-20KHz.Koyaya, bayan haɗin matakan matakai da yawa, musamman masu magana, ƙila ba su da halayen mitar mitoci sosai.Ingantacciyar hanyar daidaitawa ita ce hanyar nazarin surutu-bakan ruwan hoda.Tsarin daidaitawa na wannan hanya shine shigar da karar ruwan hoda a cikin tsarin sauti, sake kunna shi ta hanyar lasifikar, da amfani da makirufo na gwaji don ɗaukar sauti a mafi kyawun sauraron sauraro a cikin zauren.An haɗa makirufo na gwaji zuwa na'urar nazari na bakan, mai nazarin bakan zai iya nuna halayen girman-mitar tsarin sauti na zauren, sannan a hankali daidaita ma'aunin daidai da sakamakon ma'aunin bakan don yin fa'ida gabaɗaya halayen haɓaka-mita.Bayan daidaitawa, yana da kyau a duba yanayin motsi na kowane matakin tare da oscilloscope don ganin ko wani matakin yana da murdiya ta hanyar babban daidaitawar mai daidaitawa.

Tsangwama na tsarin ya kamata ya kula da: ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya kamata ya kasance barga;harsashin kowace na'ura ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da kyau don hana hum;shigar da sigina da fitarwa ya kamata a daidaita;hana sako-sako da wayoyi da walda ba bisa ka'ida ba.